IN-CLASS ONLINE LESSON #9 (Part 1)

1. The type of gun Sandburg was describing was anti-aircraft gun or cannon.

2. The “jackies” were sailors from the past who were famous for wearing white uniforms. They sang war chants as they were about to go into war to motivate themselves.

3. He means to say that guns are brothers of shovel as they are made of the same material. This is because when there is a war, the iron-made shovel will be melted and then made into guns to be placed on warships. When the war is over, the guns will be melted and then made into shovels.

4. The significance of the title “And They Obey” is that they have no say over what they do. When they say something, all have to do what they command. This show how powerful the rulers were as they full control of the people.

5. The effect of the contrasting effect tells us that no matter how bad the war is fought, there will always be a time when the city has to be rebuilt. The attitude toward them is that what they are doing is meaningless and they always go back to square one.

6. In my opinion, it is easier to destroy a society then to rebuild it. This can be seen by the fact that it took at least 10 years for Singapore to recover from WW2 economically and socially, compared to the fact only 4-5 years were needed to destroy it.

7. In the past, people ride horses to war and this will cause the drums of hoofs of the horses to be heard. In the present, motor powered tanks were created and that caused the hum of motors and the tracks of the tanks caused the tread of its rubber tires. The future would be a big question mark. It represents quick silent death.

8. Like how The Egypt dictator was overthrown by his own people as he became a convict and lost his power to rule over them.